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34 country profile
Age Structure in İsrail GDP, comparison by sector
2.4%
11.96%
8.40% 26.76%
26.5%
15.67%
37.20%
69.5%
0-14 years 15-24 years 25-34 years
55-64 years 65 years and over Agriculture Industry Services
covered in forests. The country’s major natural resources and re- life expectancy is 83 years, which differs as 85 years for women
serves include timber, copper, natural gas, and rock phosphate. and 81.1 years for men.
Sandstorms during spring and summer, drought and earthquake
are the major natural catastrophe risks threatening the country; Educational expenditures of Israel equal to 6.1 percent of its
while current environmental issues include groundwater pollu- GDP, while medical expenditures equal to 7.4 percent of the
tion, limited cultivable land and limited freshwater reserves, de- GDP. Expenditures made for educational institutions are lower
sertification, and air pollution. compared to many other OECD countries with similar GDP per
capita levels. 97.8 percent of the population are literate in Isra-
Share of young population is high el, which is a parliamentary democracy.
GDP on the rise
A big part of Israeli population lives in Tel Aviv and surrounding Israel has a technologically advanced free market economy that
areas, and around the Sea of Galilee. As of 2020, population stands out with high levels of exports in cut diamonds, high-tech
of Israel stands at 8 million 675 thousand, 74 percent of which equipment, and pharmaceuticals. Israel currently follows an eco-
are Jews. Arabic population accounts for 20 percent of total nomic expansion plan with strong trade ties outside the Middle
population. Official language is Hebrew, but English is also a East, which helped the country weather the economic impacts
widely known and spoken language in the country. Arabic is also of 2011 Arab Spring. The country has suffered from decreased
a recognized and spoken language in Israel. Muslims constitute investment resulting from its uncertain security situation; and
17 percent of the population. According to the age structure of income inequality continues to be a concern for many Israe-
the population; 26.76 percent of the population are individuals lis. Income inequality and poverty rates are among the highest
younger than 15, 15.67 percent are individuals between 15 and in OECD countries; and the progressive, globally competitive,
34, 37.2 percent are individuals between 25 and 54, 8.4 percent knowledge-based technology sector of Israel employs only about
are individuals between 55 and 64, and 11.96 percent are indi- 8 per cent of the workforce. The rest are mostly employed in
viduals older than 64. This population pyramid indicates that manufacturing and services.
share of young population is considerably high in Israel. General
Gross premiums (million USD)
17,427 18,559
14,366 14,116 15,141
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018